基于轻量级神经网络MobileNetV3-Small的鲈鱼摄食状态分类

在集约化水产养殖过程中，饲料投喂是控制养殖成本，提高养殖效率的关键。室外环境复杂多变且难以控制，适用于此环境的移动设备计算能力较弱，通过识别鱼类摄食状态实现智能投喂仍存在困难。针对此种现象，该研究选取了轻量级神经网络MobileNetV3-Small对鲈鱼摄食状态进行分类。通过水上摄像机采集水面鲈鱼进食图像，根据鲈鱼进食规律选取每轮投喂后第80～110秒的图片建立数据集，经训练后的MobileNetV3-Small网络模型在测试集的准确率达到99.60%，召回率为99.40%，精准率为99.80%，F1分数为99.60%。通过与ResNet-18, ShuffleNetV2和MobileNetV3-Large深度学习模型相比，MobileNetV3-Small模型的计算量最小为582 M，平均分类速率最大为39.21帧/s。与传统机器学习模型KNN（K-Nearest Neighbors）、SVM（Support Vector Machine）、GBDT（Gradient Boosting Decision Tree）和Stacking相比，MobileNetV3-Small模型的综合准确率高出12.74、23.85、3.60和2.78个百分点。为进一步验证该模型有效性，在室外真实养殖环境进行投喂试验。结果显示，与人工投喂相比，基于该分类模型决策的鲈鱼投喂方式的饵料系数为1.42，质量增加率为5.56%。在室外真实养殖环境下，MobileNetV3-Small模型对鲈鱼摄食状态有较好的分类效果，基于该分类模型决策的鲈鱼投喂方式在一定程度上能够代替养殖人员进行决策，为室外集约化养殖环境下的高效智能投喂提供了参考。     

基于深层神经网络的猪声音分类

猪的声音能够反映生猪的应激状态以及健康状况,同时声音信号也是最容易通过非接触方式采集到的生物特征之一。深层神经网络在图像分类研究中显示了巨大优势。谱图作为一种可视化声音时频特征显示方式,结合深层神经网络分类模型,可以提高声音信号分类的精度。现场采集不同状态的猪只声音,研究适用于深层神经网络结构的最优谱图生成方法,构建了猪只声音谱图的数据集,利用Mobile Net V2网络对3种状态猪只声音进行分类识别。通过分析对比不同谱图参数以及网络宽度因子和分辨率因子,得出适用于猪只声音分类的最优模型。识别精度方面,通过与支持向量机,随机森林,梯度提升决策树、极端随机树4种模型进行对比,验证了算法的有效性,异常声音分类识别精度达到97.3%。该研究表明,猪只的异常发声与其异常行为相关,因此,对猪只的声音进行识别有助于对其进行行为监测,对建设现代化猪场具有重要意思。     

利用薄层色谱法快速筛选法夫酵母突变株

法夫酵母（Phaffia rhodozyma）是一种极具产业化前景的天然虾青素资源（Johnson,2003）.本实验从溶剂极性、溶剂组成等方面优选法夫酵母类胡萝卜素薄层分析的溶剂,并对薄层色谱在法夫酵母类胡萝卜素突变株筛选中的应用进行了研究.     

土壤深松对小麦根系活性的垂直分布及旗叶衰老的影响

土壤深松打破犁底层可改变土壤的理化性状 ,从而改善小麦根系的生长条件。与对照 (未深松 )相比 ,小麦的群体根系活性明显提高 ,垂直分布下移 ,使深层土壤的群体根系活性相对提高 ,进而对延缓地上部衰老和提高产量产生积极效应。     

水解聚马来酸酐对森林暗棕壤和草地退化盐碱地土壤 胶体表面结构与组成的影响

水解聚马来酸酐(HPMA)能起到土壤改良的作用,进而促进种子萌发及植物生长,但是其与土壤相互作用的深层机理尚未阐明。基于此本文选用HPMA处理森林暗棕壤和草地退化盐碱地土壤胶体,并用激光粒径仪、原子力显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱进行分析,探究HPMA对土壤胶体表面结构特征、矿物组成和有机组成的影响,旨在揭示HPMA对不同土壤胶体的影响差异的深层机理。结果显示,HPMA能够改良退化土壤的原因应该与其对土壤胶体表面结构特征、矿物结晶和有机化学元素组分的影响有关,但对森林暗棕壤和草地退化盐碱地土壤的影响存在明显差异。对于森林暗棕壤这种优质土壤,HPMA处理后,矿物质的结晶度有降低的趋势,但并没有产生强烈的化学反应,多数官能团趋向于增加,碳酸盐官能团降低幅度不是很大,约3%~8%,土壤胶体粒径增加了,其中表层增加了13.62%,深层增加了34.96%,但只有深层土壤达到显著水平。而对于草地退化盐碱地土壤,土壤胶体粒径显著增加(27.54%),达到了统计学显著水平(P0.05),除了石英相对结晶度降低了7.10%,其余都降低了30%以上,导致不同土壤矿物的晶粒尺寸显著增加了(水云母、蛭石、高岭石的晶粒尺寸分别增加101.37%、56.16%、50.76%),多数官能团的相对含量降低,其中碳酸盐官能团降低量最大,达到96.79%,这些使得土壤元素配比逐渐趋向于优质土壤(C:O=0.27;C:N=9.98;C:Si=0.91;O:Si=3.38;Si:N=10.93),这可能意味着HPMA与土壤胶体中的碳酸钙等不同土壤矿物发生了强烈的化学反应,从而影响了土壤晶粒结构和化学组成,进而起到土壤改良的作用。     

菜籽挤压膨化系统参数对出油率影响的试验研究

该文研究了用于浸油的一种菜籽挤压膨化预处理工艺(油菜籽清理—带壳粉碎—膨化—浸油)的可行性，油菜籽挤压膨化系统参数(模孔孔径、套筒温度、物料含水率、螺杆转速)对各考察指标(粕的残油率、膨化物含油率及榨笼出油率)的影响规律，挤压膨化系统优化参数的范围为模孔孔径8～12 mm、套筒温度105～125℃、物料含水率6.6%、螺杆转速35～55 r/min。研究表明：只要参数选择合适，带壳油菜籽清理、粉碎、挤压膨化、浸出的菜籽浸油预处理工艺是可行的，且残油率较低。该菜籽挤压膨化浸油预处理工艺可供生产参考。     

Influence of the position of the foot on MRI signal in the deep digital flexor tendon and collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint in the standing horse

Reasons for performing study: Hyperintense signal is sometimes observed in ligaments and tendons of the equine foot on standing magnetic resonance examination without associated changes in size and shape. In such cases, the presence of a true lesion or an artifact should be considered. A change in position of a ligament or tendon relative to the magnetic field can induce increased signal intensity due to the magic angle effect. Objectives: To assess if positional rotation of the foot in the solar plane could be responsible for artifactual changes in signal intensity in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint and in the deep digital flexor tendon. Methods: Six isolated equine feet were imaged with a standing equine magnetic resonance system in 9 different positions with different degrees of rotation in the solar plane. Results: Rotation of the limb induced a linear hyperintense signal on all feet at the palmar aspect of one of the lobes of the deep digital flexor tendon and at the dorsal aspect of the other lobe. Changes in signal intensity in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint occurred with rotation of the limb only in those feet where mediolateral hoof imbalance was present. Conclusions: The position and conformation of the foot influence the signal intensity in the deep digital flexor tendon and in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint. Potential relevance: The significance of increased signal intensity in the deep digital flexor tendon and in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint should be interpreted with regard to the position and the conformation of the foot.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MAGIC ANGLE EFFECT IN THE EQUINE DEEP DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDON USING A LOW-FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE SYSTEM

Three isolated equine limbs were imaged with a low-field magnetic resonance system with a vertical magnetic field. Each limb was scanned in multiple positions with mild variation of the angle between the magnetic field and the long axis of the limb. When the long axis of the limb was not perpendicular to the magnetic field, a linear hyperintense signal was present at the palmar aspect of one of the deep digital flexor tendon lobes, at the level of the navicular bone and collateral sesamoidean ligaments, in proton density and T1-weighted pulse sequences. With increased angulation of the limb, the palmar hyperintense signal extended farther distally and proximally and additional signal hyperintensity was present at the dorsal aspect of the distal part of the other lobe of the deep digital flexor tendon. Increased signal intensity was also present in the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint on the same side as the palmar hyperintense signal in the tendon. The changes in the deep digital flexor tendon are due to the specific orientation of fibers at the palmar and dorsal aspect of the tendon, which is responsible for focal manifestation of the magic angle effect. Careful positioning of the limb perpendicular to the magnetic field can prevent this phenomenon. The association of palmar increased signal intensity in the deep digital flexor tendon with increased signal in the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint on the same side should be recognized as manifestations of the magic angle effect.     

Assessment of soil organic matter mineralization under various management practices

ABSTRACT

Mineralization is the main organic matter conversion process, which leads not only to preservation of organic matter in the soil but also to its sequestration. Soil organic matter has equal value as mineral part if we want to improve soil quality or increase the yield. Because of intensive farming, irresponsible use of mineral fertilizers and natural factors, soil organic matter is decreasing. To counteract this process, different soil-friendly management practices and techniques, such as shallow tillage, no-tillage or direct drilling and application of additional organic matter are used. The objective of the present study was to assess the changes in the intensity of soil organic matter mineralization as influenced by primary soil tillage of different intensity in combination with organic matter incorporation. Long-term studies showed that land management practices differentiated the soil into two layers: upper (0–10?cm) layer containing more moisture and nutrients and lower (10–20?cm) layer comprising less moisture and nutrients. The conditions of aeration in the arable soil layer did not change under the effect of ploughing. In this soil, the rate of mineralization was lower than that in the ploughless tillage treatment. The most active mineralization of soil organic matter in the ploughless tillage treatment occurred in the autumn period, when high level of rainfall promoted the loss of nutrients from the topsoil layer.